Consumer Health, Seventh Edition
References for Chapter 12
Nutrition Fads, Fallacies, and Scams

  1. Morowitz HJ. Drinking hemlock and other nutritional matters. Hospital Practice 13:155-156, 1978.
  2. Herbert V. Vitamin pushers and food quacks. In Barrett S, Jarvis T, editors. The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America. Amherst, N.Y., 1993, Prometheus Books.
  3. Schafer R, Yetley EA. Social psychology of food faddism. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 66:129-133, 1975.
  4. Olson RE. Book review of The Vitamin Pushers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63:406-407, 1996.
  5. Beal VA. Food faddism and organic and natural foods. Presented at National Dairy Council Food Writers' Conference, Newport, R.I., May 1972, reported in Schafer R, Yetley EA. Social psychology of food faddism. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 66:129-133, 1975.
  6. Barrett S, Herbert V. The Vitamin Pushers: How the "Health Food" Industry Is Selling America a Bill of Goods. Amherst, N.Y., 1994, Prometheus Books.
  7. Whorton JC. Crusaders for Fitness. Mt. Vernon, N.Y., 1982, Consumer Reports Books.
  8. Johnson O. Stover at Yale. New York, 1912, Frederick A. Stokes. Cited in Young JH. "The foolmaster who fooled them." Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 53:555-566, 1980.
  9. Consumer Use of Dietary Supplements. Emmaus, Pa., Prevention Magazine, 2000.
  10. Barrett S. The unhealthy alliance: Crusaders for "health freedom." New York, 1988, American Council on Science and Health.
  11. Thomas PR. Food for thought about dietary supplements. Nutrition Today 31:46-54, 1996.
  12. Harper AE. "Nutrition insurance": A skeptical view. Nutrition Forum 4:33-37, 1987.
  13. Welsh S. Nutrient standards, dietary guidelines, and food guides. In Ziegler EE, Filer LJ Jr, editors. Present Knowledge in Nutrition, ed 2. Washington, D.C., 1996, ILSI Press.
  14. Mertz W and others. What are people really eating? The relationship between energy intake derived from estimated diet records and intake determined to maintain body weight. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54:291-295, 1991.
  15. Barrett S. Dietary supplements: Appropriate use. Quackwatch, Web site, March 17, 2000.
  16. Nutrition shortcut in a can? HealthNews 2(8):1-2, 1996.
  17. NAD Case Report 12:15, 1982.
  18. Barrett S and others. The Vitamin Pushers. In Barrett S and others. Health Schemes, Scams, and Frauds. New York, 1990, Consumer Reports Books.
  19. Barrett S. Petition regarding "stress formulas." Filed December 1994. Docket #94P-0438/CPI.
  20. Herbert V. Separating food facts and myths. In Herbert V, Subak-Sharpe GJ, editors. Total Nutrition: the Only Guide You'll Ever Need. New York, 1995, St. Martin's Press.
  21. Stampfer MJ and others. Vitamin consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1444-1449, 1993.
  22. Rimm EB and others. Vitamin consumption and the risk of coronary disease in men. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1450-1456, 1993.
  23. Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. New England Journal of Medicine 330:1029-1035, 1994.
  24. Rapola JM and others. Randomised trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with previous myocardial infarction. Lancet 349:1715-1720, 1997.
  25. Greenberg ER and others. A clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent colorectal cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 331:141-147, 1994.
  26. Hennekens CH and others. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 334:1145-1149, 1996.
  27. Omenn GS and others. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 334:1150-1155, 1996.
  28. Tardif J-C. Probucol and multivitamins in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. New England Journal of Medicine 337:365-372, 1997.
  29. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. New England Journal of Medicine 342:145-153, 2000.
  30. Lee IM and others. Beta-carotene supplementation and incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 91:2102-2106, 1999.
  31. Hennekens CH and others. Antioxidant vitamins: Benefits not yet proved. New England Journal of Medicine 330:1080-1081, 1994.
  32. Vitamin supplements. The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics 40:75-77, 1998.
  33. Tribble DL and others. Antioxidant consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: Emphasis on vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene. American Heart Association Science Advisory. Circulation 99:591-595, 1999.
  34. Smith W and others. Dietary oxidants and age-related maculopathy: The Blue Mountains Study. Ophthalmology 106:761-767, 1999.
  35. Phytochemicals. Drugstore in a salad. Consumer Reports on Health 7:133-135, 1995.
  36. Anderson SA, Raiten DJ and others: Safety of Amino Acids Used as Dietary Supplements. Bethesda, Md., 1992, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.
  37. Cameron E, Pauling L. Cancer and Vitamin C. New York, 1979, W.W. Norton & Co.
  38. Marshall CW. Vitamins and Minerals: Help or Harm? New York, 1985, Consumer Reports Books.
  39. Goertzel T, Goertzel B. Linus Pauling: A Life in Science and Politics. New York, 1995, Basic Books.
  40. Karlowski TR, Chalmers TC and others. Ascorbic acid and the common cold: A prophylactic and therapeutic trial. JAMA 231:1038-1042, 1975.
  41. DeWys WD. How to evaluate a new treatment for cancer. Your Patient and Cancer 2(5):31-36, 1982.
  42. Creagan ET and others. Failure of high-dose vitamin C (ascorbic acid) therapy to benefit patients with advanced cancer. A controlled trial. New England Journal of Medicine 301:687-690, 1979.
  43. Vitamin C goes down for the count in advanced-cancer controlled trial. Medical World News, Aug 22, 1983.
  44. Moertel CG and others. High-dose vitamin C versus placebo in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer who had no prior chemotherapy. New England Journal of Medicine 312:137-141, 1985.
  45. Geubel A and others. Liver damage caused by therapeutic vitamin A administration: Estimate of dose-related toxicity in 41 cases. Gastroenterology 100:1701-1709, 1991.
  46. Rothman KJ and others. Teratogenicity of high vitamin A intake. New England Journal of Medicine 333:1369-1373, 1995.
  47. Vitamin A cases settled for record sum. Nutrition Forum 7:31, 1990.
  48. Dalton K, Dalton MJT. Characteristics of pyridoxine overdose neuropathy syndrome. Acta Neurologica Scandinavia 76:8-11, 1987.
  49. Stare FJ, Aronson V, Barrett S. Your Guide to Good Nutrition. Amherst, N.Y., 1991, Prometheus Books.
  50. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Vitamin and mineral supplement needs of normal children in the United States. Pediatrics 66:1015-1020, 1980.
  51. U.S Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, ed 2.. Baltimore, 1996, Williams & Wilkins.
  52. King JC, Allen L and others. Nutrition during Pregnancy. Washington D.C., 1990, National Academy Press.
  53. New York State public hearing in the matter of organic foods. New York City, Dec 1, 1972.
  54. Newsome R. Organically grown foods: A scientific status summary by the Institute of Food Technologists' expert panel on food safety and nutrition. Food Technology 44(12):123-130, 1990.
  55. Jones P. Pesticides and food safety. New York, 1989, American Council on Science and Health.
  56. Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Program - residue monitoring - 1999. Washington, D.C., 1999, Food and Drug Administration.
  57. Deutsch R. Family Guide to Better Food and Better Health. Des Moines, 1971, Meredith Corp.
  58. Jukes TH, Barrett S. Genuine fakes. In Barrett S, Jarvis T, editors. The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America. Amherst, N.Y., 1993, Prometheus Books.
  59. Appledorf H and others. Sensory evaluation of health foods: A comparison with traditional foods. Florida Agricultural Experimental Stations Series, 5328, 1974.
  60. Basker D. Comparison of taste quality between organically and conventionally grown fruits and vegetables. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7:129-136, 1992.
  61. Pesek J and others. Alternative Agriculture. Washington D.C., 1989, National Academy Press.
  62. Aldrich SA and others. Organic and conventional farming compared. Ames, Iowa, 1980, The Council for Agricultural Science and Technology.
  63. Larkin M. Organic foods get government "blessing" despite claims that aren't kosher. Nutrition Forum 8:25-29, 1991.
  64. Lulinski B, Kapica C. Some notes on aloe vera. Quackwatch, Web site, June 23, 1998.
  65. Larkin T. Bee pollen as a health food. FDA Consumer 18(3):21-22, 1984.
  66. Mirkin G. Can bee pollen benefit health? JAMA 262:1854, 1989.
  67. Advice on limiting intake of bone meal. FDA Drug Bulletin, 12:5-6, 1982.
  68. Nielsen FH. Facts and fallacies about boron. Nutrition Today 27(3):6-12, 1992.
  69. Barrett S. Is chitosan a "fat magnet"? Quackwatch Web site, May 10, 2000.
  70. Can you live longer? What works and what doesn't. Consumer Reports 57:7-15, 1992.
  71. It's natural! It's organic! Or is it? Consumer Reports 45:410-415, 1980.
  72. Cunningham J. DHEA: Facts vs. hype. Nutrition Forum 2:30-31, 1985.
  73. Tyler VE, Foster S. The Honest Herbal, ed 4. New York, 1999, Hayworth Press.
  74. Fish: The next health food? Consumer Reports 51:368-370, 1986.
  75. Lowell JA. Organic germanium: Another health food store junk food. Nutrition Forum 5:53-57, 1988.
  76. Herbert V, Kava R. When natural isn't safe: The lowdown on melatonin. Priorities 7(4):20-23, 1995.
  77. Hammock DA. Protein. In Herbert V, Subak-Sharpe GJ, editors. Total Nutrition: The Only Guide You'll Ever Need. New York, 1995, St. Martin's Press.
  78. McElderry MQB. Grape expectations: The resveratrol story. Quackwatch, Sept 1, 1999.
  79. Barrett S. Algae: False claims and hype. Quackwatch, May 15, 2000.
  80. Mossad SB and others. Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Archives of Internal Medicine 125:81-88, 1996.
  81. Zinc for the common cold. Medical Letter 39:9-10, 1997.
  82. Lehmann P. More than you ever thought you would know about additives (3-part series). FDA Consumer 13(3):10-16, 13:(4)12-15, 13:(5)18-23, 1979.
  83. Kroger M. Food safety: What are the real issues? Nutrition Forum 2:17-18, 1985.
  84. Organic produce. Consumer Reports 63(1):12-18, 1998.
  85. Whelan EM. The food-fear epidemic. In Barrett S, Jarvis T, editors. The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America. Amherst, N.Y., 1993, Prometheus Books.
  86. Barrett S. The herbal minefield. Quackwatch Web site, June 22, 2000.
  87. Gurley BJ and others. Content versus label claims in ephedra-containing dietary supplements. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacists 57:963-969, 2000.
  88. The mainstreaming of alternative medicine. Consumer Reports 65(5):17-25, 2000.
  89. Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional's Handbook of Complementary & Alternative Medicines. Springhouse, Pa., 1999, Springhouse Corporation.
  90. Le Bars PL and others. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group. JAMA 278:1327-1332, 1997.
  91. Wilk TJ and others. Saw palmetto extracts for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A systematic review. JAMA 280:1604-1609, 1998.
  92. Good Housekeeping Institute. New Good Housekeeping Institute study finds drastic discrepancy in potencies of popular herbal supplement. News release, Consumer Safety Symposium on Dietary Supplements and Herbs, New York City, March 3, 1998.
  93. United States Pharmacopeia. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis). Information Monograph. Rockville, Md., 1998, United States Pharmacopeia.
  94. NCAHF position paper on over-the-counter herbal remedies. Loma Linda, Calif., 1995, National Council Against Health Fraud.
  95. Toxic plant products sold in health food stores. The Medical Letter, April 6, 1979.
  96. Unsubstantiated Claims and Documented Health Hazards in the Dietary Supplement Marketplace. Rockville, Md., 1993, U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
  97. Anderson IB and others. Pennyroyal toxicity: Measurement of toxic metabolite levels in two cases and review of the literature. Annals of Internal Medicine 124:726-734, 1996.
  98. AMA Council on Foods and Nutrition. Zen macrobiotic diets. JAMA 218:397, 1971.
  99. Kushi M, Jack A. The Cancer Prevention Diet: Michio Kushi's Nutritional Blueprint for the Relief and Prevention of Disease. New York, 1983, St. Martin's Press.
  100. Dwyer J. The macrobiotic diet: No cancer cure. Nutrition Forum 7:9-11, 1990.
  101. Raso J. A Kushi seminar for professionals. Nutrition Forum 7:17-21, 1990.
  102. Lindner L. The new improved macrobiotic diet. American Health 7(4):71-86, 1988.
  103. Roth JA. Health Purifiers and Their Enemies. New York, 1977, Neal Watson Academic Publications (Prodist).
  104. Deutsch RM. The New Nuts Among the Berries. Palo Alto, Calif., 1977, Bull Publishing.
  105. Building your nutritional food business with books and magazines-a merchandising manual. Denver, 1982, Nutri-Books.
  106. Power failure for the 'Immune Power' diet. Consumer Reports 51:112-113, 1986.
  107. Barrett S. The American Association of Nutritional Consultants: Who and what does it represent? Quackwatch Web site, Dec 11, 1999.
  108. Geslewitz G. 22nd annual survey of health food stores. Health Foods Business 43(4):21-34, 1997.
  109. Fanning O. "Training" for health food retailers. Nutrition Forum 3:33-38, 1986.
  110. Meister KM. Do health food stores give sound nutrition advice? ACSH News and Views, May/June 1983.
  111. Aigner C. Advice in health food stores. Nutrition Forum 5:1-4, Jan 1988.
  112. Haidet JM. Poor advice plus doubletalk: A probe of "health food" stores in central Ohio. Nutrition Forum 9:6-7, 1992.
  113. Pumphrey JE. Marketing of ephedra products in health food stores. Nutrition Forum 12:33-34, 1995.
  114. Gotay CC, Dumitriu D. Health food store recommendations for breast cancer patients. Archives of Family Medicine 9:692-698, 2000..
  115. The vitamin pushers. Consumer Reports 51:170-175, 1987.
  116. Horn JD. Deposition re l-tryptophan litigation. MDL docket number 865, U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina, Columbia Division, Aug 11, 1992.
  117. Bell LS, Fairchild M. Evaluation of commercial multivitamin supplements. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 87:341-343, 1987.
  118. Nelson MV, Baille G. A survey of pharmacists recommendations for food supplements in the U.S.A. and U.K. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 15:131-139, 1990.
  119. Nelson MV. Promotion and selling of unnecessary food supplements: Quackery or ethical pharmacy practice? American Pharmacy NS28(10):34-36, 1988.
  120. Barrett S. Chiropractors and nutrition: The supplement underground. Nutrition Forum 9:25-28, 1992.
  121. Katzenstein L. Nutrition against disease: A close look at a 1987 seminar for chiropractors. Chirobase Web site, Nov 22, 1999.
  122. How DCs in the USA practice. Dynamic Chiropractic 6(17):3, 1988.
  123. Newman CF and others. Nutrition-related backgrounds and counseling practices of doctors of chiropractic. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 89:939-943, 1989.
  124. Aronson V. Bernadean University: A nutrition diploma mill. ACSH News & Views 4(2):7, 12, 19, 1983.
  125. Milner I. The color of quackery? Fingering the phony nutritionists of the Yellow pages. Nutrition Forum 11:19-22, 1995.
  126. Raso J. Alternative health education and pseudocredentialing. Skeptical Inquirer 19(4):39-45, 1996.
  127. Hambidge KM. Hair analysis: Worthless for vitamins, limited for minerals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 36:943-949, 1982.
  128. Barrett S. Commercial hair analysis: Science or scam? JAMA 254:1041-1045, 1985.
  129. Seidel S and others. Assessment of commercial laboratories performing hair mineral analysis. JAMA 285:67-72, 2001.
  130. Kenny JJ, Clemens R, Forsythe KD. Applied kinesiology unreliable for assessing nutrient status. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 88:698-704, 1988.
  131. Lowell J. Live cell analysis: High-tech hokum. Nutrition Forum 3:81-85, 1986.
  132. Barrett S. Be wary of bogus vitamin questionnaires. Priorities, pp 37-40, Spring 1990.
  133. United States v. Kurt W. Donsbach: Criminal case No. '96-347B, U.S. District Court, Southern District of California.
  134. Rynearson EH. Americans love hogwash. Nutrition Reviews 32 (suppl):1-14, 1974.
  135. Raso J. The FAIM symposium: A "complementary medicine" smorgasboard. Nutrition Forum, 8:17-22, 1991.
  136. Lowell JA. An irreverent look at the Vitamin Bible and its author. Nutrition Forum 3:46-47, 1986.
  137. Lund D. Lendon Smith loses license! Nutrition Forum 4:56, 1987.
  138. Relman A. A Trip to Stonesville. The New Republic, Dec 14, 1998.
  139. Barrett S. Proposed labeling rules stir controversy. Nutrition Forum 9:9-14, 1992.

This page was posted on December 13, 2001.

Sponsored Links to Recommended Companies